Soil efflux refers to the flux of gases (such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) from the soil to the atmosphere. This flux is driven by microbial activity, plant respiration, and decomposition of organic matter in the soil. Understanding soil efflux is important for studying carbon and nutrient cycling in ecosystems, as well as for assessing the impact of land use and climate change on greenhouse gas emissions. Researchers use a variety of techniques, such as chamber measurements and isotopic analysis, to quantify and monitor soil efflux in different environments.